Production Lay-outs

Item format or mechanical production system is intended to deal with items that are made utilizing particular machines in a sequential construction system (Product lay-out).â Each line is intended to address explicit necessities of a product offering in a consecutive manner.â There is a smooth progression of creation (for example transport upheld) starting with one particular machine then onto the next which is alluring in large scale manufacturing where request is unsurprising while volumes are high.â This kind of format, hence, is fitted in delivering buyer items for a general market instead of creating for a few fragments of the market. The upsides of the item format are its request and effective procedures that can prompt quicker client reaction and less interest on lead times.â It likewise advances modest work since ability prerequisites are low that causes unwinding of high salaries.â Although this design is proficient and simple to utilize, it is exceptionally firm in light of the fact that an adjustment in one mechanical production system can lead bottleneck in its production.â Further, in item improvement, obtaining an entirely different arrangement of machines and working territory is important to address explicit necessities of the product.â When request is low, the benefits can be underutilized. As it produces boats and planes, fixed position format is a strategy applied to defenseless, difficult to-move and concentrated items (Layout and Flow).â Factors of creation (for example work, machine, types of gear and instruments) are required to meet in a solitary creation area to deal with assembling errands there. It is standard to leave machines in the site when not used to forestall breakage or harmed notwithstanding the exorbitant transportation required for pull-out and returning to the site. Further, to limit the high capital in obtaining new machines, most organizations are utilizing legally binding leases in light of the fact that their utilization of the machines is under constrained time frame.â Its points of interest are diminished development of machines that guides in limiting danger of harm or lost and coherence of procedures on the grounds that the requirement for rethinking is decreased as individuals meet in one place.â However, a portion of its burdens incorporate are more significant compensations as laborers must have explicit abilities to complete the task, development of individuals/machines to site can be expensive and inert machines can have low use since they stay inactive rather use for profitable methods when the creation is at stop. In contrast to fixed position, utilitarian or procedure design recognize the work bunch into various divisions that offer ascent to various and particular workstations (Facility layout).â As creation is irregular and clustered, practical format is perfect in serving diverse market sections that have profoundly separated needs.â Compared to item format, volumes are extensively low while the interest can change significantly from one period to another.â There is specialization in useful format, for example, partition of men, ladies and kids' garments in a retail establishment. Machines in this design are for general use while laborers are educated on the best way to work machines inside their station.â The upside of this format is inverse the burden of item format (for example adaptability) while the other way around is additionally evident (for example useful format is inefficient).â Disadvantages, for example, backtracking, bottlenecks and postponements are common.â Further, the extra spaces for crude materials are gigantic while inventories of the completed items are low since they are quickly conveyed to customers.â The basic issue to consider in this design is to discover the relationship of each station to machine focuses to build up a more space-productive plan between them. To deliver the issue to space-productivity among stations and machine focuses, cell design is glorified to consolidate the benefits of item and useful formats (for example effectiveness and flexibility).â Cells speak to a workstation that produces comparative client requirements.â A machine that can't be dispensed in space is deliberately situated between cells that require machine preparing to make a state of use.â The standard plan is that the sequential construction system is seen in creating segments and parts while process design assume control over the relationship of every segment delivering cell. With the utilization of data frameworks, finding cells and distinguishing inactive machines can be effortlessly conveyed out.â Resulting to significant administrative work to keep up the cell format, laborers can likewise work machines inside their areas of expertise like practical layout.â Its favorable circumstances are decrease in material giving and travel time, insignificant set-up time, limited work-in-progress, productive utilization of human capital, control and automation.â On the other hand, it can have backfire, for example, nonattendance of adequate number of part stations to make cells, imbalanced cells, all the more preparing and exacting portion of laborers and expanded capital consumption. Support of the most suitable format Albeit testing to build up, the present condition and creation needs of Manychip should utilize cell layout.â First, its plant and deals directs are situated in created economies where quality and costly HR are dwelling.â Second, it works in a profoundly unpredictable interest that can be effortlessly influenced by natural changes that adaptability is required to forestall cost related with over-forecasting.â Third, it is conveying just six principle memory chip items which likely have noteworthy likenesses in structure and inside parts.â This will empower formation of cells in light of the fact that the quantity of stations is adequate. Fourth, its activities in resource serious while its deterioration can fundamentally influence its profitability.â When cell format is received, sequential construction systems can effectively create segment parts for the six product offerings which will forestall inactive machines.â On the other hand, practical design are adaptable that can be applied when requests are set and items are prepared for last assembly.â Fifth, the creation of Manychip requires high lead times which can be limited when applied with cell fabricating as segments are prepared to experience get together once request is set up. On having more noteworthy nimbleness, Manychip won't free quality frameworks since explicit stations are under backup mode that can be called if irregular quality test is necessary.â With the thought of the three conditions, endorsement of cell design is very necessary.â Different parts can make cells, the managerial gathering can act like a quality gathering wherein case a station can be raised for them close to their separate procedure interests and shipment in various geological area can be tended to by convenient conveyance of products.â However, Manychip must consider that significant financing is required to build up a crossover methodology, for example, cell manufacturing.â It should likewise screen its item improvement projects to forestall disintegration of significant cells. References Item spread out (obscure). UWM. Accessible  [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Office design (obscure). SNC. Accessible from ;http://www.snc.edu/socsci/seat/333/blocks/Layout.html; [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Design and Flow (1997). Pearsoned. Accessible [Accessed on 6 August 2007] ; ; ;

Devaluation and its impact on different economic sectors

Downgrading and its effect on various financial segments We are gladly introducing the appointed report. We trust you will discover it up to the predefined mark. The main point of this report is about downgrading and its effect on various areas of economy. All the more explicitly, this report tries to investigate the degree to which the present degrading of Pak rupee has influenced the economy on smaller scale just as full scale levels. Data expected to address these issues was gotten from various exchange financial diaries and furthermore from web. We likewise met various experts and industry individuals. Well say that this examination has been a teaching experience, in the long run giving us a genuine feeling of accomplishment. Much obliged to you, Chapter by chapter list: Depiction Page # Foundation and History Degrading and its capacities Global Trade and cheapening Outside trade Rates International Trade Downgrading and its consequences for Export Declining Export and current cheapening Is enormous debasement is avoidable Late Devaluation and its transient effect Repercussion of contenders debasement of Pak Economy Points of interest and drawbacks of downgrading Proposals to Govt Conculsion Back Ground and History: Pakistan has surprising history of progressive degrading. The rupee was first downgraded in 1950 because of a comparative move by India. Later in 1972, Z.A. Bhuttos government greatly cheapened the rupee by 133%. The rupee was additionally debased in mid 1980s during General Zia system. Moeen Qureshis guardian government in 1993 additionally depreciated the rupee by 7%. After that it was Benazir Bhuttos government that further depreciated the rupee lastly same measure are being taken by the current administration of Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif. Pakistan has been on an arrangement of oversaw skim since January 8, 1982. For the greater part of the previous decade the rupee had been fixed comparable to the US dollar at the pace of Rs 9.9= US$1. The new trade system initiated with an official ostensible devaluation of 5 percent in the period of January, and a combined 30 % for the year 1982. This was joined by the deserting of the fixed peg to the US dollar and its substitution by an adaptable bushel peg whereby the specialists deal with the ostensible conversion scale effectively. The conversion scale framework has stayed unlettered up to the present and the Government has intermittently re-attested its duty to this adaptable administration in adjustment and modification programs haggled with the IMF. Since the presentation of the new framework there has been a ceaseless descending slide in our swapping scale. At present the pace of Pak RS in 2010. This speaks to a deterioration of 260 percent since Downgrading and its capacity: Deterioration or cheapening alludes to the descending development of the rate at which the home money trades against the remote cash or an expansion in the household cost of one unit of the outside money. Deterioration is the name given to this drop when it happens in a free market; debasement is something very similar coming about because of government activities in a market that isn't free. Since 1973 the majority of the monetary standards are on the drifting cash framework, through the arrangement of messy skimming despite everything permits government/national banks to meddle somewhat. The topic of debasing the outer estimation of the cash is one of the fervently discussed issues in open strategy conversations. From one viewpoint, the IMF and the World Bank underpins downgrading as a significant part of their suggested arrangement bundle for less created nations (LDCs). Then again numerous financial expert and monetary arrangement producers are firmly restricted to depreciating m onetary standards has become a grimy word in numerous nations. In fact, cheapening of a cash is the final hotel when other financial and money related estimates like interest the board , monetary motivation, exchange limitations have end up being less powerful in tackling issue of parity of installment, by boosting the countrys sends out and diminishing imports. In nations like Pakistan where major monetary issue is absence of development, sends out are low a result of low quality of merchandise as opposed to the estimation of the money. The instrument of the open market continues altering swapping scale consequently and has made depreciation outdated. Adjusting Mechanism: Essentially cheapening is a measure to address a principal disequilibrium in countrys equalization of installments. Balance in a countrys balance is an aftereffect of limitation on imports and outside installments of numerous kinds and a development of fares and remote trade gaining of various types. The limitation on import can't be accomplished through interests. It must be done through direct limitation as well as through activity of the value component, in other words through creation imports costlier by working on import obligations, and this in truth has been widely done in many creating nations, including Pakistan. Be that as it may, this is available to certain complaints and restrictions so a straightforward method of making imports costlier isn't change of the conversion standard. The whole weight of making imports costlier isn't commonly positioned on the conversion scale component. It is shared by the gadget of import obligations and furthermore quantitative guidelines. T he import obligation component can likewise be utilized to make change to the new conversion scale and to give a specific measure of optional treatment to singular things of import. The Price Factor: The other significant target of degrading is to advance fare. It ought to be noticed that what is mulled over is an expansion in sends out in outside trade; in term of household cash. Fares all in all should increment by more than the level of debasement. Development of fares relies on various variables, the versatility of flexibly in downgrading nation and of interest for the results of that nation abroad. Much relies upon the costs at which the debasing nation can offer its merchandise. Contractionary Impact: Hesitance to modify the swapping scale descending way is because of its conceivable contractionary sway on yield and work, re-conveyance of salary from compensation worker to land owners, cost-push inflationary weight and the underlying ideal impact on the parity of installment. The entirety of the above will in the long run held through a procedure of household swelling and bigger imports. At the point when quantitative controls on imports obligations are scaled down alongside the degrading, imports and fares are not especially touchy to value changes particularly in the short run. This is especially material on account of UDCs whose imports are regularly comprise of basic capital merchandise, middle of the road inputs including fuel and manure and once in a while fundamental purchaser products like food grains, eatable oils and so on. There is little degree for chopping down these imports. The fares of UDCs then again basically comprise of essential wares and handled materials whos e gracefully flexibility are fairly low in short run. In the event that degrading needs to improve the parity of exchange short run, it should get through a decrease in the degree of yield and changes in the conveyance of pay towards high saver which would lessen the interest for imports and create a greater exportable overflow. Downturn, joblessness and inconsistent circulation of salary are the expenses of a fruitful downgrading. Inflationary Pressure: The ineffectual of conversion scale modification in making sure about progress in the outside parity fundamentally originates from the way that adjustments in costs emerging from swapping scale developments feed through rapidly and broadly into the economy and commitment to the accerlation of winning inflationary weight related with an improvement of the money related conditions. The unbending move in cost over a significant stretch has animated protective inflationary reactions amoung industrialists, plant growth specialist, business mens, and worker and has invalidated the effect of conversion scale alterations on the universal intensity of our fares. It ought to be considered that depreciation remedies the past inflationary and other monetary improvement that prompted antagonistic development to be determined of installment. This doesn't ensure the equalization of installments against further inflationary and other unfavorable turns of events. Visit debasement of a money is bother some. It invigorates theory and results in twisting in salary, utilization, modern development and open fund. This likewise dissolves the trust in the money. Request Management: Lamentably, for keeping our outside records disequilibrium inside manageable cutoff points, we have depended rather vigorously on conversion standard modification and not focused on the effectiveness measurement of our monetary framework. Financial effectiveness at the large scale and smaller scale levels requires high profitability, mechanical productivity, high paces of sparing and speculation, and salaries strategy that doesn't prompt cost-push expansion and financial money related approach that gives a steady situation to cautious interest the executives. These are the basic and unbendable financial laws that were perceived and gotten a handle on. Neither negative controls nor counterfeit boosts like regular devaluation of outer estimation of the cash with assistance aside from a little and incidentally. Worldwide exchange and Devaluation: Globalization is the technique of todays world. The idea of data sharing has strengthened the procedure of globalization all through the world. The specialist and experts are, along these lines, taking a shot at the incorporation of the whole framework to run easily with no impediments. Taking a gander at the monetary action in this situation, there is two significant groupings, great and administrations. The globalization of products can be found in the imminent of universal exchange. By worldwide exchange we mean trade of products between the countries. Taking a gander at the economies of the world we find that the states are expanding their exercises b

An Adventure on the Charles

An Adventure on the Charles Tonight I was in an MIT admissions webcast, which was targeted towards the Midwest region but was really open to anyone. Basically, I sat around and answered questions about student life while Tiffany (who’s pretty awesome!) answered the hard questions about applications and statistics and stuff. If you were watching, you may remember that I went off on a tangent about my sailing PE class at some point. (If you were watching, you also may remember that I got asked to prom. What??) If you remember the sailing, you might have been thinking, “Hmm, it sounds like Kate really wants to talk more about this, but also knows that it would be pretty off topic, so she’s restraining herself from going off on a tangent, awkwardly.” Okay, maybe it’s a little plausible that you’d be thinking exactly that. But if you were, as a matter of fact, you’re right! I have a story about sailing. I’m a “story” kind of a person. I structure a lot of my conversations with other people around telling them stories, and listening to their stories, almost to the point of using it as a conversational crutch. So usually, when I get a good story, or more precisely when something happens to me which makes a good story, I end up telling it to just about everyone I talk to, until it’s good and worn out. And this is exactly what I was doing during the sound check for the webcast: telling my sailing story! Which gave me the idea to write it here: now I don’t have to tell everyone my sailing story over and over because I can tell it to everyone, all at once! Hamsika just blogged about sailing, but my story is so different that I’m going to tell it anyways. As part of the MIT PE requirement (which might seem weird to some of you, but for me it’s actually really chill because I was required to have PE every day in high school) I’m taking a sailing class! So this morning at 11am I reported to the sailing pavilion for our lesson, and rigged up a boat with my partner Webb H. ’14. The idea for today was to push off the dock, sail about halfway across the river, turn around, come back, and practice landing at the dock. That was the point: practice landing at the dock. When you sail you can either be the skipper, the one who holds the rudder, or you can be the crew, the one who pulls the rope that the sail is attached to. (Now, in sailing, the crew can let go of the rope holding the sail anytime she wants to, but the skipper can never let go of the rudder. Ever. Ever ever ever. Remember this, it will be important later.) Webb and I went out and practiced landing twice, once in each role. Then, it was time to go out solo. Webb went first, did a fantastic job, and then, there was no avoiding it… it was my turn. Honestly, I was mostly worried about getting away from the dock. In order to get away from the dock, you have to get the boat going, so you basically run along the dock, pulling it along, and then push away and jump onto it. And I was about 99.8%* certain I was going to land in the Charles River. I carefully planned my route along the dock so I’d be jumping from somewhere relatively dry, bit my lip, and went for it. Imagine my surprise when I found both feet squarely in the bottom of the boat! So the hard part was over. I sat down on the side of the boat, near the back, right where I was supposed to, and grabbed the rudder and the sail rope, and set sail towards Boston. And it was awesome! And liberating! I felt so self-sufficient and outdoorsy and alive! And then… it was time to turn around. In sailing, there are two kinds of turns. I like to call them the Easy Turn and the Hard Turn. Obviously, on my first solo sail, I was going for an Easy Turn. Easy Turns, also known as tack turns, involve turning into the wind by pushing the rudder away and pulling the sail in to bring it over to the other side, and then switching sides of the boat. Easy enough, right. “Okay, Kate,” I thought, “here goes. Tack turn. No big deal.” I pushed the rudder away and pulled the sail in andâ€"ran into problems. See, before, whenever I’d done tack turns, I’d done them with Webb, so I’d been either crew or skipper, but not both. So it took a solo sail to realize that really, it takes two hands to pull in the rope. But you can NEVER LET GO of the rudder! So I pushed the rudder away and pulled the sail rope in…and then needed to pull the sail rope in more, so I used my rudder hand to grab the slack in the rope, which meant my rudder hand was back in the middle of the boat, which meant I was no longer turning! This continued for 3 or 4 tries. Imagine the scene: slightly blustery, cloudy, chilly. At rise: slightly inept novice sailor, Kate, alone in a boat, center stage (where stage=Charles River), desperately trying to do a tack turn. The boat turns about 90 degrees clockwise to face the Harvard bridge, before Kate’s lack of three arms catches up to her and the wind takes over, blowing the boat back 90 degrees counterclockwise to face Boston. And repeat. After a while of this, I decided there was nothing for it: I was going to have to try a Hard Turn. Otherwise known as a jibe, Hard Turns involve turning the other way. The advantage here is that you don’t have to do anything with the rope: it just hangs free. You pull the rudder towards you, and then (this is the part that makes it a Hard Turn) once the boat has turned around enough, the sail THWACKS across to the other side, completely unrestrained, really really fast. And it is scary. And I’d never been skipper for a jibe before, only crew. But it was the only way I could turn around, so I went for it. I pulled the rudder towards myself, and the boat turned around, and THWACK!!! and even though that’s exactly what’s supposed to happen, I screamed. And panicked, a little, I think. And then the boat was tipping wildly so I was trying to move around to balance it out so I let go of the rudder to try to balance the boat which of course made it more tippy and… wait… yes, you read right, I LET GO OF THE RUDDER!! OH NO! So at this point I was totally panicking and I was like, must get rudder and I lunged for it and I got it! And the boat calmed down, and straightened out, and I got my bearings and looked up to the front of the boat… and I was looking at Boston. I’d done a complete 360! Eventually, I managed a tack turn by wedging the slack of the rope between my knees, and made it back to the dock. It didn’t help that right after my jibe-360 fiasco, the instructors started using the loudspeakers to tell us all to come home. I was clearly the furthest one out in the river, and I did not look like I was planning on coming home anytime soon, and I just wanted to say “No! I’m trying, I promise!” But I did make it back, and the funny thing is, my landing was perfect. Yeah, the skill we were supposed to be learning? I rocked that. But turning around… heh. Heh. So, sailing aside, I started this blog post talking about the admissions webcast. Which happens to have gotten me into a question-answer-y mood. (There’s got to be a better word for that kind of mood…) The gist is, if you have questions about MIT/Admissions, I’m happy to answer them! (hah. As if I’m not ALWAYS happy to answer questions about MIT!) *Did you know that 72.3% of all statistics are made up on the spot?

Communication Verbal And Non Verbal Communication

Communication is a complex activity which involve verbal and non-verbal communication, the topic under discussion, the prejudgments that people bring to the topic, and the â€Å"communication history† between participants in the discussion. A Speaker who transmits message must ensure that the message is delivered clearly. A listener who takes the messages must be an active listener. As effective communication can only take place when the recipient of the message understands it’s meaning and able to express that meaning back to the speaker or sender of the message. (Flexstudycom.2015). 2.1 Types of Communication People communicate with each other in a number of ways that depend upon the message and its context in which it is being sent. There are basically 2 categories of communication channel: †¢ Verbal Communication †¢ Non-verbal Communication 2.1.1 Verbal communication refer to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally. The main idea of verbal communication is to keep everything â€Å"KISS† (keep it short and simple). And it can further divide into Oral Communication and Written Communication. 2.1.2 Non-verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. With the body people communicate a wide variety of message through gestures, facial expressions, eye movements and touching behavior. Sometimes non-verbal communication response contradicts verbal communication and hence the affect the effectiveness of message.These non-verbal meansShow MoreRelatedCommunication And Verbal And Non Verbal Communication Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication, as described in ‘businessdictinary.com,’ is a two-way process in reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. It is a means of connection between people or places. Without communication there would be no understanding between people and important information and messages would not be correctly conveyed. This is why communication plays an important role in our daily lives and when notRead MoreVerbal and Non-Verbal Communication851 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication in the Military â€Æ' In this paper, I will be writing on the topic of the United States military. I will discuss why this group is effective and how verbal and nonverbal communication is used depending on the task at hand. I will also share the different roles each person in the group must complete for the mission to be a success. Lastly, I will show how the morale is boosted and the members take pride in job when those roles that need completed are done correctlyRead MoreNon Verbal And Verbal Communication978 Words   |  4 Pagestaking this class I almost feel as if I was blind to the various aspects of communication compared to now. 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Portrayal Of Gender Stereotypes Of Children s Television...

Portrayal of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Television Commercials. Liuyi Bian University of Florida Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in gender portrayal in children’s television commercials. The hypothesis that stated, if an observed television program is determined to be intended for girls, then the colors used in the commercials would be predominantly intended for girls, is strongly supported. To do content analysis, we first gathered a sample of 50 television commercials aired on children’s television channels between 8 to 10 PMï ¼Å' then we coded each of the predictor and criterion variables and conducted a chi-square test. Our results indicate that most girl oriented television programs presented commercials that incorporated girl stereotypical colors. Furthermore, girls are often associated with bright and pastel colors while boys are associated more with neutral colors. Portrayal of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Commercials Introduction Upon birth, everyone is acknowledged as either male or female. Excluding physical characteristics, men and women are often separated into two ends of a spectrum. Yet instead of a clearly divided line, what separates the two is in fact common societal standards and beliefs; these include cultural and gender norms and stereotypes. Who established these supposed â€Å"universal standards†, and in what other ways were they introduced to the general public? One of the mostShow MoreRelatedBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. 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Commercials and comics should never be solely regarded as the promotion of tangible objects as they carry subtle messages and reinforces certain ideas subconsciously. Gender roles are underlying and recurring themes in these commercials and it is crucial to understand the development of the images media portray because they have a strong correlation with the society. As these forms of media dominate the industry, we have to be wary of how it validates and ascertains our gender perceptionsRead MoreGender Stereotypes as a Reflection of Women2453 Words   |  10 Pages 1993). Commercials and comics should never be solely regarded as the promotion of tangible objects as they carry subtle messages and reinforces certain ideas subconsciously. Gender roles are underlying and recurring themes in these commercials and it is crucial to understand the development of the images media portray because they have a strong correlation with the society. As these forms of media dominate the industry, we have to be wary of how it validates and ascertains our gender perceptionsRead MoreGender Roles Today s Media867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe conformity of gender roles through role models, toys, and even media. To exhibit some gender roles in today’s media there are two gender specific commercials to demonstrate masculinity and femininity. In 2011, Miller Lite, aired a commercial belittling a man about his masculinity in order to advocate Miller Lite that it is the manliness beer. In a majority of cleaning commercials, women are shown to be the one cleaning this inclu des a Glade commercial in 2012. The commercial presented the idea

British invasion to the UAE Free Essays

The British invasion on the United Arab Emirates began consequently after the period of the intervention of Europe in the budding years of the 16th century with Portugal. A century and a half later, Dutch and British conquests began to outdo one another in terms of dominating the UAE. In the closing years of the 18th century, Britain eventually became the major dominating force in the Arab territory. We will write a custom essay sample on British invasion to the UAE or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both the contemporary ruling clans of Ra’s al Khaymah as well as Ash Shariqah, known as the Qawasim back in the days, grew to a significant level of marine power in the lower gulf eventually raiding maritime vessels from the British colony of India. After routing the naval force of the Qawasim, the British forces mandated in 1820 a number of treaties that brought forth and maintained a maritime truce. This later paved the way for the creation of the United Arab of Emirates after being labeled with the name as Trucial States. Two years after, the external security issues as well as the foreign relationship of the state with other countries became absorbed by British responsibility. The British continued its protective control over the area of the UAE until 1971. Over the course of these years, the inner affairs of the UAE were devoid of British intervention as the latter was more after the protection of the maritime commerce in the area of the Persian Gulf. Moreover, it has been observed that part of the British control of the UAE established overall peace as well as the Western notion of territorial states was also introduced. Far more importantly, the cooperative characteristic among the seven emirates was further amplified after the formulation of the Trucial States Council in 1952. The foundation of the UAE’s Supreme Federal Council is traceable in such council. Reference United Arab Emirates. (1997). Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761560366_7/United_Arab_Emirates. html How to cite British invasion to the UAE, Papers

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is one of the worlds greatest love stories. There have been many different interpretations of the play; one of the most famous interpretations of the play is the modern version produced by Baz Luhrmann (1996). The Baz Luhrmanns production captures the intensity and emotional hardship of the characters. Its surprising how much pain and sorrow this interpretation can inflict on the audience. Every aspect of the film adds something extra, such as; the sweeping orchestral music, action, violence and above all the atmospheric weather, which changes like a symbolic mood that passes through you. Although traditional and somewhat clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, Zeffirellis version made in 1968, sticks very much to the original text compared to Luhrmanns. Zeffirellis interpretation has less violence and does not use music to set an emotion or atmosphere as much as Baz Luhrmanns. I am focusing on Act 3 Scene 1 from the Luhrmanns version of the play. This scene is the deaths of Mercutio, Romeos best friend and Tybalt, Juliets cousin. This is a pivotal scene in the play as it leads directly to Romeos exile and ultimately to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Romeos anger towards Tybalt for murdering Mercutio, leads him to kill Tybalt. From this point in the scene Romeo realises that he has ruined his life forever. O, I am fortunes fool. We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Act 3 Scene 1; based on the Luhrmanns interpretation. The scene opens with Mercutio and Benvolio on a hot summers day on Verona Beach and the Capulet boys have just arrived. If we shall meet, we shall not scape a brawl. Tybalt appears asking for Romeo, demanding a fight. Mercutio responds with outrage and draws to fight him. Tybalt does not back away. Benvolio tries to move them to secluded place where no mans eyes can glaze. Withdraw unto some private place. Here eyes graze on us. Mercutio and Tybalt ignore Benvolios remark and continue to fight. Luckily for Mercutio, Romeo arrives and Tybalt backs off. Peace be with you sir, here comes my man. He tries to start to fight with Romeo but Romeo withdraws and tries to declare his love for Tybalts cousin, Juliet and explain why he cannot fight him. So good Capulet which name I tender as dearly as mine own. Mercutio steps in and takes Romeos place. Tybalt and Mercutio battle it out. From this point in the film it shows how modern Baz Luhrmann has made it, because originally in the play it was a sword fight between Tybalt and Mercutio but Baz Luhrmann used guns and their fists to emphasize the violence and angry emotions. Romeo jumps between Mercutio and Tybalt, stopping them from hurting one another. Blocking Mercutio from Tybalt, causing Tybalt to stab Mercutio in the chest. Tybalt and the others did not realise how fatal the wound was. As Mercutio was even being witty to the point of his death, he was pretending that he was not hurt ay, a scratch, a scratch and cursing their households under his breathes plague of both your houses. At this moment Romeo realises that Mercutio is actually fatally wounded and its his entire fault if you ask for me tomorrow and you should find me a grave man. As Mercutio is blaming him for his wound I was hurt under your arm. But Romeo thought he was only doing it all for the best. Mercutio falls to the ground and slowly stops breathing in Romeos arms. In the Luhrmann production of the play, the weather and the light changes to show Romeos emotions. Baz Luhrmann uses weather and light to set emotions of a characters feelings and build up the violence. The weather changes in this scene from a hot summers day, to a storm. The heat of the afternoon represents the emotions and violence, which are building up from the characters and the storm represents the burst of violence and angry emoti ons from Romeo. The light, from clear sunny sky quickly changes to a stormy atmosphere; Baz Luhrmann also uses music to set the mood and emotions of the characters. Romeo, with such outrage and anger chases Tybalt. Baz Luhrmann uses a car chase and dark lighting with flashes of bright lights and close ups of Romeos anger and Tybalts scared facial expressions. He also uses loud dramatic orchestral music to add to the atmosphere. Romeos and Tybalts cars collide into each other. Baz Luhrmann adds an extra scene of Juliet happily waiting for Romeo on their wedding night, while Romeo is out fighting with her cousin. Tybalts gun slides across the tarmac and Romeo reaches for it and points it directly towards Tybalt, while shouting, threatening to kill either one of them. For Mercutios soul is but a little way above our heads. Staying for thine to keep him company. Either tho or I, or both must go with him. With outrage Romeo shoots Tybalt in the chest. Tybalts body falls into the river, at the feet of a religious statue. Baz Luhramm adds the statue to show how religious the play is. There is silence as the gun that murdered Tybalt falls from Romeos hands, to the ground, with a loud echo. Romeo realises, that he has ruined his life. O, I am fortunes fool! It starts to rain and Romeo falls to the ground and breaks down into tears. Luhrmann adds the rain for effect on Romeos emotions and feelings in this scene. Benvolio arrives to warn Romeo that the Prince and Lady Capulet are on their way. Tybalt slain, stand not amazed. The Prince will doom these deaths, hence, be gone away. In the Luhrmann interpretation, Benvolio arrives in a car, this makes the scene more modern as in the original text. The Prince and Lady Capulet arrive to find the body of Tybalt floating in the river. Benvolio explains the situation. Tybalt, here slain, whom Romeos hand did slay. Lady Capulet is furious with anger and demands that Romeo should die Romeo slew Tybalt, Romeo must not live. The Prince is outraged as Mercutio was one of his Kinsman and the conflict between the two families leads to innocent peoples deaths. The Prince decides that Romeo should be exile to out side the fair Verona walls. When they find him, that hour is his last. Baz Luhrmanns version of the play is extremely modern interpretation. I think this is one of the reasons why the film was so successful because the audience of today could relate to it and also using well-known teen actors/ actresses to appeal to the younger age group. Luhrmann used several different methods to make the play modern. Some of the ways he used to achieve the film modernism Clothing to modernise the film: the Capulet boys wore dark religious tight fitted, clothing. Where as the Montague boys wore lose Hawaiian shirts and dark lose trousers, these outfits represents their characters personalities. Using guns instead of swords. Car chases. Using music, lighting and weather to set the moods and emotions of the characters. Capulet and Montagues are both involved in the building industry in this version. Loud dramatic music orchestral. Fast moving shoots. Police and ambulances. Set in a modern city- busy, multi-cultural. Using well-known young actors/ actresses. Extra add scene for effects. Comparing Baz Luhrmanns modern version to Zeffirellis version of the play. The Zeffirellis version is extremely traditional. As Zeffirelli sticks to the original text, Zeffirelli uses traditional costumes, does not use music much, to set the atmosphere, in act 3 scene 1,it is more humours compared to Baz Luhrmanns version, Zeffirelli also does not use cars, weather or lighting changes to set a mood/ atmosphere but Zeffirelli uses sword fights unlike Baz Luhrmanns, Zeffirelli set it in the period when it was set in the play originally. In the Baz Luhrmann version, we, the audience, know more of what is happening before the characters do. Example; when Romeo and Juliet first meet, the audience know that their families are enemies before they find out. Also we, as the audience, know about Romeo murdering Tybalt before Juliet finds out. The Baz Luhrmann interpretation is very different to all the other interpretations of Romeo and Juliet that have been made since the original because he has made the film modern. The audience of today in my opinion, would react positively to this version because the film covers, most genres of films, as it has action, drama, romance, comedy and I also think that the audience of today would react positively to it because they could all relate to the story line in one way or another. I think if the audience of 1968 saw the Baz Luhrmann version then they would act differently compared to the audience of today because todays culture are more prepared for tragedy and deserters as todays culture has suffered more than the culture of 1968. William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a story set in Elizabethan times. It is about two lovers in an unfortunate situation which, from the start, is certain to end in tragedy. In Elizabethan times, the ideas on family life, parenthood and ranking in society were very different to what they are now. This is where Shakespeare took ideas from. For example, children were thought of as small adults and were property of their parents and women were property of their husbands. In act 3, scene 5 the tension, which is already quite high, builds quickly as a number of unfortunate events plague Juliet. The scene in general, is the beginning of the certain tragedy, which comes upon them. It shows how Juliet becomes completely alone and discarded. This creates a growing amount of sympathy, which grows throughout the scene. Shakespeare uses a number of clever techniques in the language of the characters, the link to society at that time and carrying on a general theme throughout the whole play. The first point in which the tension begins to build in the scene is when Romeo and Juliet first wake up. Romeo and Juliet try to postpone their separation as much as they can. Juliet says Wilt thou be gone? It is not yet near day. It was the nightingale and not the lark that pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear. The metaphor fearful hollow of thine ear, could add tension. This is because Juliet is remarking on how terrible the morning birds call is to them because it means that its time for them to be separated. Tension is built in the audience because of the sympathy towards the fact they will be inevitably separated. We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is then a sudden rise in tension when Nurse bursts into the room and tells them, Your lady mother is coming to your chamber. The day is broke, be wary, look about. Upon hearing this there is a desperate struggle by Romeo to get dressed. This builds more tension because Lady Capulet could walk in at any moment and catch them. The audience would feel nervous at this point because they wouldnt want the two of them to get caught. The theme of love vs. hate runs strongly through this part of the scene because although they both love each other, it is Romeos fault that they are to be separated because he killed Tybalt. It must be hard for Juliet to make up her mind because Tybalt was one of her favourite cousins and she wont see her husband again. At the next point, the theme of love vs. hate once again runs strong through this part of the scene. There isnt much of a rise in tension. It rises a little at the thought of Lady Capulet walking in the room at any moment and catching the two of them but it is otherwise calm. The sympathy within the audience is what rises more than anything else. It rises most dramatically when Romeo says to Juliet, Farewell, farewell, one kiss and Ill descend, because they are being separated and becoming sadder and sadder. When Romeo has descended, Juliet has a discomforting moment. She has a premonition of Romeo dieing. She says to herself O god, I have an ill divining soul. Methinks I see thee now thou art so low, as one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookest pale. This adds to the tragedy because it involves the death of one of the protagonists. The audience would feel the add in tension because they will not want one of the main characters to die. The next part of the scene is when Lady Capulet walks into the room. She thinks that Juliet is crying because of Tybalts death but really she is crying because she has just said goodbye to Romeo. Lady Capulet tries to cheer up Juliet by telling her Marry my child, next Thursday morn, to the gallant young noble gentleman, the county Paris. Juliet is faced with a dilemma because in those days parents were the owners of their children and she is not really allowed to refuse them. The audience know that she is married but her parents do not so there is a bit of dramatic irony involved as well as the fact they feel more sympathy towards her ever-growing problems. This all adds to the tension because the audience dont know how Juliet will react and how this will affect her mother. Despite the fact she is not allowed to refuse her parents, she does it anyway. She tells her mother Now by Saint Peters church and Peter too, He shall not make me a joyful bride. This is because she doesnt like Paris but most importantly because she is still married to Romeo, and bigamy and divorce were both against religion in Elizabethan times. The tension rises because Juliet suddenly bursts with anger and she might strike out at her mother. The audience would feel surprised because she has disobeyed her parents, which is unusual for the time the play is set. And also the audience would worry about her parents reaction to her defiance and her well being because of that. The tension takes a sudden rise when Lady Capulet says Here comes your father, tell him so yourself, and see how he will take it at your hands. Juliets mother says that because she doesnt want to tell Capulet herself. This is because men were considered the owners of their wives and they were able to do almost what they wanted to them for example, hit them. The tension could also rise because we know from earlier scenes in the play that Capulet has a short fuse and there is a chance that he will be fuming with anger, or even react with violence. The audience at this point will feel scared for Juliet for that same reason. When Capulet first walks into Juliets room, he is in a relatively good mood. He asks Juliet why she is crying How now a conduit girl? What still in tears? Evermore showering? The tension drops because Capulet isnt yet in a rage and doesnt look as if he will react badly to Juliet. The three questions is a clever technique used to create sympathy. This does create sympathy in the audience towards Juliet because it makes her sound even sadder than she really is. When Lady Capulet breaks the news to her husband, the tension takes a huge rise. This is because when she says Ay sir but she will none, she gives you thanks. I would the fool were married to her grave, you dont know how Capulet will react. The audience and characters would become scared and anxious as to whether Capulet will react angrily or calmly. The mystery adds to the tension. The theme of parent child conflicts is here more than anywhere else because, Juliet, by refusing her fathers offer, has initiated a certain argument that she definitely will not win. She recognises her limited power but she is determined to use it despite the fact she lives in a male dominated society. The tension takes a rise when Capulet reacts to the news that he has been disobeyed. He gives many commands like Thank me no thankings nor proud me no prouds but fettle your fine joints gainst Thursday next, to go to Saint Peters church, or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. These commands signal his immense anger and the fact that he is or should be in control. The audience will feel scared for Juliet because Capulet seems out of control and could use violence and this adds to the tension. Juliet, after this, tries to reason with her father. She knows that she has limited power but she is determined to try and use it. This adds to the tension because she lives in a male dominated world and defying her father will add to dyer consequences. She kneels down and says Good father I beseech you on my knees, hear me with patience, but to speak a word. Her father cuts her off and gives her even shorter and harsher commands which show his anger building. He tells her Speak not, reply not, do not answer me. The audience will become even more scared for Juliets well being. This will add to the ever growing tension. Capulets anger excels so much that he threatens to throw out Juliet if she does not comply. He tells her Thursday is near, lay hand on heart, advise. And you be mine, Ill give you to my friend; and you be not, hang, beg, starve, in the streets, for my soul, Ill never acknowledge thee. The audience will feel sympathy and feel scared for Juliet because she is used to living being served hand and foot and if she were to be in the streets she would certainly die in the streets. This would be a tragedy as she is the main character and nobody wants her to die. Capulet leaves Juliets room and leaves Juliet feeling rejected. She then turns to her mother and she once again gets rejected. Her final resort is to get help from Nurse. The tension then takes a rise when she stuns everybody by saying that she would commit suicide. She tells nurse O, god! O, Nurse, how shall this be prevented? My husband on earth, my faith on heaven, how shalt that fait return again to earth? The audience would be surprised to hear this because it is not something that an innocent young girl would be expected to do in this situation. This links to the theme of fate and destiny because in the prologue it says that they will die. The tension takes a final rise as nurse surprises everybody. She tells Juliet I think it best you marry with the county Paris. The audience would be very surprised at this and the tension also takes another rise because this is not what you would think nurse would say because on previous impressions of nurse this is not in her personality. The most probable reason she would have said this is so she doesnt get thrown into the streets for disobeying her superior, Capulet. Shakespeare uses a wide range of techniques to build tension throughout Act 3, Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet. He tries to create an intimidating atmosphere to try and signal that there is tension in the scene. This tension at first gradually then rapidly increases as Juliet, a protagonist, becomes involved in more and more threatening and challenging situations which lead to a complete rejection from her family and end with her being in a potentially life threatening situation. In my opinion the tension doesnt really drop at all at the end of the scene as it is left in sort of a cliff-hanger. This leaves an air of mystery as to what Juliet will do next and generally keeps up the tension. Generally, the tension in the scene is created by the thought of death and violence which rises and rises as the scene progresses and never drops as the scene ends in a sort of cliff-hanger.

Free Essays on Explication-“Shall I Compare Thee To A Summers Day“

Poems can touch a person’s heart like nothing else can even come close to. They can make you cry, make you laugh, love, make you forgive, they can bring an abundance of emotions in just a few lines. The most captivating of all poems are love poems, especially when they are telling you of how beautiful you are. In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer’s Day† he does that very thing. Shakespeare is comparing the love of his life, this beautiful being, to a perfect and timeless season, and he does so in just fourteen lines. So hopefully in the next few paragraphs I can further explain his descriptions. Poetry does not have to be about grand subjects but can be about anything genuine, from the baseball fan to the hanging bat. Poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient. The most primitive peoples have used it and the most civilized have cultivated it. It can be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely. Poems have been around since the beginning of time, just as language, just as life. In the bible, the disciples wrote poems of love, thankfulness, joy, sorrow, and every emotion to God through scripture. Not only did they write poems to God but also to one another. Song of Solomon is one of many books of the bible, but it deals solely with a woman and man proclaiming their love for each other through poetry. Poems also come in many forms, the obvious love poem, poems of despair, envy, thankfulness, paranoia, and any emotion known to man. When all of these emotions are wrapped up in sentence be it together or apart it is defiantly a beautifu l thing. Shakespeare begins the poem with a question that proposes a comparison between his beloved and a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is the loveliest and the most pleasant season. In the second line the comparison starts to favor his beloved: his beloved is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reason fo... Free Essays on Explication-â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer's Dayâ€Å" Free Essays on Explication-â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer's Dayâ€Å" Poems can touch a person’s heart like nothing else can even come close to. They can make you cry, make you laugh, love, make you forgive, they can bring an abundance of emotions in just a few lines. The most captivating of all poems are love poems, especially when they are telling you of how beautiful you are. In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer’s Day† he does that very thing. Shakespeare is comparing the love of his life, this beautiful being, to a perfect and timeless season, and he does so in just fourteen lines. So hopefully in the next few paragraphs I can further explain his descriptions. Poetry does not have to be about grand subjects but can be about anything genuine, from the baseball fan to the hanging bat. Poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient. The most primitive peoples have used it and the most civilized have cultivated it. It can be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely. Poems have been around since the beginning of time, just as language, just as life. In the bible, the disciples wrote poems of love, thankfulness, joy, sorrow, and every emotion to God through scripture. Not only did they write poems to God but also to one another. Song of Solomon is one of many books of the bible, but it deals solely with a woman and man proclaiming their love for each other through poetry. Poems also come in many forms, the obvious love poem, poems of despair, envy, thankfulness, paranoia, and any emotion known to man. When all of these emotions are wrapped up in sentence be it together or apart it is defiantly a beautifu l thing. Shakespeare begins the poem with a question that proposes a comparison between his beloved and a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is the loveliest and the most pleasant season. In the second line the comparison starts to favor his beloved: his beloved is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reason fo...

Summary of the Battle of Stamford Bridge

Summary of the Battle of Stamford Bridge The Battle of Stamford Bridge was part of the invasions of Britain following the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066 and was fought September 25, 1066. English Army Harold Godwinson7,000 men Norwegian Army Harald HardradaTostig Godwinson7,500 men Battle of Stamford Bridge Following the death of King Edward the Confessor in 1066, succession to the English throne fell into dispute. Accepting the crown from the English nobles, Harold Godwinson became king on January 5, 1066. This was immediately challenged by William of Normandy and Harald Hardrada of Norway. As both claimants began building invasion fleets, Harold assembled his army on the south coast with the hope that his northern nobles could repel Hardrada. In Normandy, Williams fleet gathered, but was unable to depart St. Valà ©ry sur Somme due to adverse winds. In early September, with supplies low and his troops obligations expiring, Harold was forced to disband his army. Shortly thereafter, Hardradas forces began landing at Tyne. Aided by Harolds brother, Tostig, Hardrada sacked Scarborough and sailed up the Ouse and Humber Rivers. Leaving his ships and part of his army at Riccall, Hardrada marched on York and met the Earls Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria in battle at Gate Fulford on September 20. Defeating the English, Hardrada accepted the citys surrender and demanded hostages. The date for the surrender and hostage transfer was set for September 25 at Stamford Bridge, just east of York. To the south, Harold received news of the Viking landing and attacks. Racing north, he gathered a new army and arrived at Tadcaster on the 24th, after marching nearly 200 miles in four days. The next day, he advanced through York to Stamford Bridge. The English arrival caught the Vikings by surprise as Hardrada had expected Harold to stay in the south to confront William. As a result, his forces were not prepared for battle and much of their armor had been sent back to their ships. Approaching Stamford Bridge, Harolds army moved into position. Before the battle commenced, Harold offered his brother the title of earl of Northumbria if he would desert. Tostig then asked what Hardrada would receive if he withdrew. Harolds reply was that since Hardrada was a tall man he could have seven feet of English earth. With neither side willing to yield, the English advanced and began the battle. The Viking outposts on the west bank of the River Derwent fought a rearguard action to allow the rest of the army to prepare. During this fight, legend refers to a single Viking berserker who single-handedly defended Stamford Bridge against all odds until stabbed from below the span by a long spear. Though overwhelmed, the rearguard provided Hardrada time to assemble his forces into a line. In addition, he dispatched a runner to summon the rest of his army, led by Eyestein Orre, from Riccall. Pushing across the bridge, Harolds army reformed and charged the Viking line. A prolonged melee ensued with Hardrada falling after being struck by an arrow. With Hardrada slain, Tostig continued the fight and was aided by Orres reinforcements. As sunset approached, both Tostig and Orre were killed. Lacking a leader the Viking ranks began to waver, and they fled back to their ships.   Aftermath and Impact of the  Battle of Stamford Bridge While exact casualties for the Battle of Stamford Bridge are not known, reports suggest that Harolds army suffered a large number of killed and wounded and that Hardradas was nearly destroyed. Of the approximately 200 ships the Vikings arrived with, only around 25 were needed to return the survivors to Norway. While Harold had won a stunning victory in the north, the situation in the south was deteriorating as William began landing his forces in Sussex on September 28. Marching his men south, Harolds depleted army met William at the Battle of Hastings on October 14. In the battle, Harold was killed and his army defeated, opening the way for the Norman conquest of England. Resources and Further Reading UK Battlefield Resource Centre: Battle of Stamford BridgeBritain Express: Battle of Stamford BridgeBattle of Stamford Bridge

The Boer War Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Boer War - Term Paper Example The Boer War was the first major military conflict of the 20th Century. The strategies employed by both sides set precedences for wars throughout the new century. The Boers used guerilla warfare tactics against the heavily favored British who herded many thousands of men, women and children into detention camps, both precursors of wars to come. Although the Boers eventually won their independence it came at a heavy cost to both sides. The Boers were the descendents of Dutch farmers of the Cape Colony in the nation of South Africa. Beginning in 1835, they began moving outside the region to establish the Transvaal and Orange Free State due to the constant border conflicts with the British overlords on one side of their territory and native tribes constantly encroaching on the other. Together these newly formed regions were known as the Boar Republic which included the town of Johannesburg. While the Boers considered themselves a sovereign, autonomous society, the British claimed all of South Africa as its own. The two factions held to a relative yet uneasy peace until gold was discovered in 1886 on Transvaal land. A gold rush ensued flooding the Boer’s lands with miners, speculators and adventurers, â€Å"outlanders† as they were called by the Boers. â€Å"The discovery of gold at Witwatersrand in the Transvaal ended Boer seclusion and brought a mortal threat to the young nation’s dream of freedom from alien rule. By 1896 the population of Johannesburg had grown to more than a hundred thousand.† (Weber, 2012). The Boers of the Transvaal were poor farmers. The discovery of gold was a great revenue producer but the newcomers producing this wealth were denied citizenship from the government. By 1896, the population of Johannesburg was about 100,000, half of which were white but only 6,200 were citizens, all Boers. Neither the British nor Boers allowed citizenship to the indigenous black population. Government officials received petitions, one with 18,000 and another with 35,000 signatures demanding it allow non-Boer whites citizenship. Neither was given serious consideration. The Transvaal and Orange Free State Boers formed an alliance as tensions between the groups worsened. British forces were dispatched to the Boer regions to help calm the situation but this move only made the situation worse. On October 10, 1899 the Boer government gave the British an ultimatum demanding that British forces be removed within 48 hours or war would be declared. (Chamberlain, Droogleever, 2003) Britain did not comply with the ultimatum to withdraw its troops. On October 11 the war began when the Boers attacked and took control of the towns of Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking. While the British were struggling to relieve their besieged forces in these towns, the Boers achieved inspiring victories in other major British strongholds such as Colenso, Stormberg and Magersfontein in December 1899. The fortunes of war soon changed howeve r. By February of the next year Kimberley and Ladysmith had been retaken by the British. The somewhat disorganized Boer troops were being scattered throughout the countryside. Soon the Boer front line, such as it was, collapsed. The next several months were a time of great uncertainty

Employee motivation among call centre agents Literature review

Employee motivation among call centre agents - Literature review Example I would also like to thank _____________ for guiding my research for the past several months and helping me develop my background in human resource management, and organisation. Special thanks goes to ________, who was willing to participate in my final defense committee. I would also like to thank my parents, two elder sisters, and elder brother. They were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best wishes. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, ______. She was always there cheering me up and stood by me through the good times and bad. Contents 1.1. Introduction 2 1.2. Background of the Study 3 1.3. Research aims and objectives 5 1.4. Research Question 5 1.5. Significance of the Study and underlying assumptions 5 1.6. Structure of the Research 7 1.7. Conclusion 8 Chapter 2 Motivation Theories 9 2.1. Motivation Theory: a historical perspective 10 2.1.2. The Modern Period 11 2.1.3. The Present-day Scenario 13 2.2. The Theories 18 2.2.1. Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy The ory 20 2.2.2. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory 23 2.2.3. Motivation-Hygiene Theory 24 2.3. The Conceptual Analysis 27 2.4. Conclusion 30 3.1. Introduction 31 3.2. Saudi Arabia: Profile 32 3.3. The Telecommunications Industry of Saudi Arabia 33 3.4. Human Resource in Saudi Arabia 36 3.4 Etihad Etisalat (Mobily) 39 3.4.1. HR and Mobily 41 4.1. Introduction 1 4.2. Research Approach 1 4.3.Research Design 3 4.4. Data Collection 3 4.5. Validity and Reliability 6 5.1. Introduction 7 5.2. Findings and Discussions 8 5.3. Description of findings 9 5.3.1. Deficiency Needs 9 A. Compensation and Benefits 9 B. Security 11 C. Safety 12 D. Social Needs 13 5.3.2. Growth Needs 16 A. Esteem 16 5.4. Conclusion 24 6.1. Summary 26 6.2. Conclusion 27 6.3. Recommendations 28 6.4. Limitations and Future... Human resource capital is one of the primary assets of organizations. Although employees have been considered as indispensable in the organisation, the contemporary period has provided frameworks wherein the role of employees in attaining the goals of the organisation becomes a vital factor for the success of the organisation. Globalisation, recognition of the notion that organisation has an obligation in satisfying the interests of all identified stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, suppliers, costumers, community and other entities that may have a relationship with the firm. Likewise, there is a perceptible shift in the consciousness of the people and rapid developments in computer and information technology have contributed to the changed in perception regarding the central importance of employees in organisations. As a result, the current condition and state of employees today can be claimed to be the result of the long history of the difference between employees and employers and the current factors that are influencing human interactions. In this regard, scholars have continually articulated the inherent importance of motivating employees to improve their effectiveness, job performance and productivity.

Kenneth Branaughs Hamlet or William Shakespeares Hamlet? Essay

Kenneth Branaugh's Hamlet or William Shakespeare's Hamlet? Kenneth Branaugh may have had the script of William Shakespeare's Hamlet spoken down to every last thee and thou, but one must remember that this is Hamlet through Branaugh's eyes, not Shakespeare's. Therefore, dismissing obvious additions made for adapting the play to film, such as having a real castle instead of a stage, it is possible to observe the unique characters, interpretations, actions, and setting that make this version the director's own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the time of Shakespeare, one of the actors main challenges was to use the words to paint the scene for the audience, since, for the most part, they were looking at a bare stage. However, this use of imagination and portrayal is no longer needed when the script is brought to film. Every pearl and snowflake have been placed strategically before the audience, so that there is no need to listen to the language to create your own vision of Hamlet's world. Branaugh's world is full of lavish affairs, freezing winters, and halls of mirrors. The use of the camera has some definite advantages and disadvantages. First, since the characters are no longer limited by a defined space, they are able to deliver their long speeches while being in a constant state of motion. This occurs in the scene with the guards, and most noticeably in the scene with Laertes and Ophelia, before he leaves for France. This same scene demonstrates how the camera enables the characters to switch from one setting to the next, as when Laertes, Ophelia, and Polonius are taken from outside to the church. This, in turn, helps Branaugh set the scene for Ophelia and Polonius, in which, Ophelia confesses everything to her father, perhaps only because she is in a confession booth. Filming also allows for clarification of what is being said through silent plays. During characters' dialogue, the scene switches to actions of the past, present, and even to things that could happen. This seems to be used to give the audience a better understanding of what is happening, and it also helps to further develop the characters so that the story is built up to the audience, rather then being tossed into the middle of the storyline. Young Fortinbras is often shown in these silent plays and is the only way his character is able to be developed to such an extent. This technique is... ...h Hamlet being carried out in a cross formation, perhaps suggesting that Hamlet's pursuit of vengeance was his crucifixion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are so many ways this work can be interpreted and acted out, and that makes it hard to be critical when there is no standard to compare it to. This film was Kenneth Branaugh's vision of Hamlet, and so to him it is magnificent. To myself, this film had many brilliant spots and was very thorough and well acted out. However, at times, the action and music became a bit overwhelming. Perhaps Branaugh got a little to caught up in the moment, it is hard to say. The silent plays that were shown throughout ( King Hamlet's death, the drowned Ophelia, Hamlet's childhood days with Yurich, Priam's slaughter, Fortinbras) added a lot to the film, because it gave the characters a history and allowed for a non-shakespearean audience to better understand what was being said. The adaptation from play to film is not always very easy, and obviously some changes have to occur. Branaugh's version of Hamlet definitely had some additions, but it still captured the essence of Shakespeare making it an interesting piece of work, and an enjoyable film.

Outline the Key Principles of Natural Law

Jamshed Masjedi Outline the key principles of Natural Law Let’s start off with a definition of Natural Law: a moral code existing with a purpose of nature, created by God. Aristotle theory of purpose inspired St Thomas Aquinas to develop his idea of Natural Law to present a rational basis for Christian morality. Aquinas developed an absolute and deontological theory which states that certain acts are innately right or wrong. Natural Law directs people to their great purpose, and can be deduced through reason.Good acts are those which enable humans to fulfil their purpose, and are in unity with the primary precepts. Through Aristotle’s idea that everything has a purpose (theory of causality) and we have a purpose to do good and avoid evil and seek happiness and fulfilment in life (eudaimonia), Aquinas started by trying to work out what the purpose of human life was. Aquinas developed the primary precepts which follow from this idea. The Primary precepts are connected wit h preservation of life, reproduction, education, living in a society and worshipping God.These Primary precepts can then be developed into secondary precepts as practical human rules that govern our daily behaviour. For example from preservation of life, one could argue someone who is in desperate need of organs or bloods would be correct. This could lead to a secondary precept of you donating your organ(s) to saves lives of other. Another example is about reproduction linking it genetic engineering with Natural Law suggesting that humans have an essential nature and manipulating it, through genetic engineering, is conflicting to the natural order of things and so is wrong.Aquinas developed four kinds of law: eternal, natural, human, and divine. Eternal law is humans being not being able to know gods intention. Natural law is humans with a natural sense and the discovery of reason. Human law is some sort of man-made law with the natural law supplied by the government to the societie s, and divine law is the specially revealed law in the scriptures. The main aspect of Natural Law theory is that it relies heavily on reason. It can be discovered by anyone, regardless of any religious alignment.For this reason it is universal and not a relativist argument but an absolutist argument. Reason is used in order to establish how we should live our lives. We use our reason to fulfil the requirements of the primary precepts and therefore to achieve our aim of doing good and avoiding evil. If everything is created for a purpose, human reasoning in examining that purpose is able to judge how to act in order to conform to that purpose. Thus, the role of reason plays a huge part as Aquinas states â€Å"To disparage the dictate of reason is equivalent to condemning the command of God. Hence, humans shouldn't be trapped by their desires and that the duty of a Christian is alike to the duty of an atheist or agnostic. Reason is the superlative human asset that ultimately separate s us from animals. However, if human reasoning is misguided it could lead us to the wrong moral choices such as following ‘apparent goods’ which could leads away from Natural Law rather following ‘real goods. ’ An example of an ‘apparent good’ is getting drunk or taking drugs as it seems like we are doing a good thing in the short term however, on the long term, it’s not.Or as a rather deeper example, perhaps we can consider that Hitler with his misguided belief about Jews, seeking an apparent good to remove them, in the end, it wasn't such a wise move. Jamshed Masjedi For Aquinas, both the intention and the act are important. According to Aquinas, God knows the secrets of our hearts and thus, our actions must be interior rather than exterior. The purpose behind an act gets recorded. For example we should help an elderly person cross the road because it is the honest thing to do not because to gain admiration of others i. . someone watch ing nearby. It is said that if humans act towards this way, it’s said that god is glorified. Is this theory relevant to the 21st century? Many theories have been created 10 years ago, 100 years ago or 1000 years ago that still shape and dictate our society today, since it’s the 21st century, many theories have been developed and improved, but as far as questioning the theory of natural law and it’s standing, it’s a theory holding major significance around the world today.For example the Roman Catholic Church supports the theory with them making the primary precepts into absolute rule thus, meaning no room for negotiation. Natural Law has many benefits to society and for individuals. Since it’s an absolutist argument, it provides moral foundation to rules with clear guidance at all times. Most individuals are in favour of Natural Law because it offers a universal code. Most people believe in preserving life, education etc. On the Flip side, Natural Law theory cannot seem to get at certain individuals.It relies to use reason correctly, however, it is fair to say that we do not all have the same ability to reason. If we do, everyone can come up with the same conclusions and decide what’s right and wrong. The precepts are to be looked when one finds them in a situation, but this also is disputed. Homosexuality is a common example of something that Natural moral Law is unable to provide a succinct response to. Furthermore, in modern forms Natural Law does not allow room for negotiation because the Roman Catholic Church has made the secondary precepts into absolute rules.The book of Genesis seems befuddling with Natural Law. It’s inconsistent with the story of the Fall. Genesis 3 teaches that that human reason was separated from God Through sin. Thus, if our reason is corrupt then how can we deduce God’s purpose? Society can never guarantee people’s safety but with the theory of Natural law, it’s open in arms for offering protection, therefore will always be relevant. Furthermore, natural law is a good guide for the believers in God. Natural law will provide an instructive and dependable guide to moral behaviour.The Roman Catholics Church is in favour of Aquinas’s brilliant knowledge of reasoning in the Natural law. What's more, Aquinas himself was a Catholic and so, some might question from whom is it relevant to? It can hardly be claimed that Natural Law ethics is irrelevant to Roman Catholics. Linking to situation ethics, Natural Law would be helpful when making a logical decision depending on the situation a person’s in and with its deontological and absolutist status, it would also create guidelines to follow for all especially for individuals or societies wanting the absolute right and wrong.Due to the adaptation in the 21st century, the Natural Law theory is always going to be controversial. I think the most usual criticism for during our time is that it may be too inflexible over major issues. There is no direct reference to issues, for example like abortion or euthanasia. Others might argue that the theory is too old and other types or similar systems of ethics are better that the Natural Law theory. For example, if Aquinas could have been wrong about the primary precepts, he could have also been wrong about the secondary precepts.Finally, I believe this could be the strongest negative assessment of Natural Law, is that this God-based ethic may no longer be relevant to, what is an increasingly secular society. On the whole, I believe that taking both arguments in on the balance, Natural Law has become not irrelevant, but less relevant, because the modern definition of human nature is much wider than that offered by Aquinas. Natural law is based purely on deductive, rational reasoning. This makes it an objective theory, it is not open to interpretation – should everyone reason correctly we should all come to the same conclu sions about what is right and what is wrong.We can see this in action around the world, with many societies sharing common beliefs about morality – this is strength of the theory since there is evidence of a common system of morality in place, although that is not to say the universal theory is natural law Natural Moral laws relies on our ability to reason correct, that is to use casuistry to deduce the correct action based on how it fits in with our precepts. However, it is fair to say that we do not all have the same ability to reason.Whilst Aquinas maintained that all humans were equal he did say that some were better at reasoning than others and therefore we should practice our logical skills so that they become habitual. This is fine to an extent, but if we were to encounter a totally alien situation we would have no prior experience to draw reference from, and so our ability to decide the right course of action would come down to our individual ability to reason correct ly In such a situation we should stick to the precepts; since they are logically sound, but even these can be ambiguous.Homosexuality is a classic example of something natural moral is not able to provide a succinct response to. On the one hand we can say since homosexuality doesn't lead to procreation, and so it is a misuse of humangenitalia, but on the other hand we can say that since it is pleasurable, that pleasure is there for a reason.

Ethical Issues Can Be Described As Breaking The Rules

Ethical issues can easily be described as breaking the rules, however an ethical issue is a problem that causes an institute or person to make a choice between what is wrong and what is right. In the case study, Mr. Arjmenian believed that the funding for the Pine Falls Regatta were being misused. Although there was not much detail provided as to why he believed this, I would think that the 100-page letter he sent to the regatta board of directors would offer much explanation. Also, it has been noted that he believed that Mr. Foster spent nearly $200,000 for personal use and could not explain large deposits to his bank account. With this information I believe that there were several relevant ethical issues to include theft, embezzlement, corruption, a conflict of interest and whistleblowing. You could also say that these ethical issues are directly related to both lying and deception. Employee theft is a very common workplace ethics violation, as is embezzlement. With very similar definitions theft is the stealing of another person’s property. California law describes embezzlement as â€Å"the fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it was entrusted.† Essentially, embezzlement is the use of something (money in this case) in a way other than the owner intended it to be used. I would say this case involved both theft and embezzlement. Theft in the form of state, local and county funds and embezzlement through the misuse of these fund. This case doesn’tShow MoreRelatedPolice Ethics Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages Vol. 105, Issue 8) In the Bibles story of Adam and Eve, God cast Adam and Eve out of the Garden of Eden as a punishment for breaking the rules. (The Holy Bible: Genesis Ch.3) These types of historical records display the fact that law enforcers have always existed. Just as law enforcers have always existed, so h ave ethical issues surrounding the authority exercised by these individuals. 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